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Objective: To analyze the pattern and characteristics of occupational diseases in Weihai City from 2009 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention. Methods: In February 2021, retrospective analysis was performed on the cases of occupational diseases diagnosed from 2009 to 2020 in Weihai City. The relevant information and data were collected to analyze the types of occupational diseases, onset age, working age, diagnosis time, industry distribution, economic type and enterprise size distribution. Results: From 2009 to 2020, a total of 453 cases of new occupational diseases were reported in Weihai City. There were 431 males (95.14%) and 22 females (4.86%) . The average onset age was (49.16±8.51) years, and the average working age was (17.89±9.30) years. The incidence of pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (322 cases, 71.08%) , occupational otolaryngology and oral diseases (71 cases, 15.67%) and occupational chemical poisoning (36 cases, 7.95%) were the top 3 cases, of which 313 cases were pneumoconiosis and 69 cases were noise deafness. The cases were mainly concentrated in the 40-59 years age group (357 cases, 78.81%) and the 10-19 years working age group (175 cases, 38.63%) . There were significant differences in the incidence of occupational diseases in different ages and different working ages (χ(2)=97.64, 80.74, P<0.001) . The new cases were mainly in mining industry (134 cases, 29.58%) , shipbuilding or maintenance industry (97 cases, 21.41%) , and private enterprises (350 cases, 77.26%) . Conclusion: Pneumoconiosis and noise deafness are the main emerging occupational diseases in Weihai City. Occupational disease prevention and control in private enterprises such as mining and shipbuilding or maintenance industry should be strengthened.
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China/epidemiology , Incidence , Industry , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
@#Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hospital admission cases with chemical poisoning in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2020. Methods Data of hospital admissions for chemical poisoning in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2020 were collected through Guangdong Province Health Statistics Network Reporting System，and descriptive analysis was conducted. The seasonal characteristics of the number of hospitalized poisoning cases were analyzed by the concentration method，the seasonal index（SI）was calculated by the weighted annual ratio averaging method，and the spatial auto-correlation of regional poisoning trend was analyzed by the global and local spatial autocorrelation. Results From 2016 to 2020，the number of hospital admissions for chemical poisoning in Guangdong Province was 54 656，showing a general decreasing trend. The sex ratio（male to female）was 0.90 ∶1.00. The top three types of hospitalization rates were carbon monoxide poisoning，alcohol poisoning and organic solvent poisoning. The main poisoning groups were students and children， farmers，workers and unemployed people，accounting for 31.74%，18.53%，13.91% and 10.39%，respectively. The 74.37% of poisoning cases were cured or improved and discharged，and the case fatality rate was 0.48%. The top three hospitalization rates in age group of 0-<5 years were organic solvent，metal and carbon monoxide poisoning. The hospitalization rate of carbon monoxide poisoning ranked the first among all age groups of ≥5 years. The top three regions with the highest average annual hospitalization rate were Shaoguan City （25.14/105 ），Qingyuan City （17.04/105 ） and Meizhou City （16.09/105 ）. Carbon monoxide poisoning had a strong seasonality（M=0.77），with high incidence months of January，February and December（SI were 3.60，3.08 and 2.48，respectively）. The inpatients with chemical poisoning showed non-random distribution and spatial correlation（all P<0.01），with a high-high clustering among 13 districts and counties in northern Guangdong（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The number of hospital admission cases of chemical poisoning showed an overall decreasing trend in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2020. The main types of poisoning were carbon monoxide poisoning，alcohol poisoning and organic solvent poisoning. The spatial distribution of chemical poisoning types showed spatial correlation and there were high-high clustering areas.
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Sudden chemical poisoning accidents have the characteristics of suddenness, groups, complexity and difficulty in rescue. It usually brings serious harm and far-reaching social impact. Establishing a good emergency management and rescue system from the four stages of prevention, response, rescue and recovery can reduce the adverse effects of accidents, casualties, and social burden. The prevention of sudden chemical poisoning accidents focuses on finding the cause and putting forward effective preventive measures. Emergency response can be carried out from three aspects: response and acceptation, hazard assessment and operation of corresponding emergency plans. Emergency rescue of sudden chemical poisoning accidents should fully consider both rescue technology and emergency management. The former includes pre-hospital patient screening and pre-hospital detoxification, while the latter includes dealing with the uncertainty of rescue process, allocation of medical resources and health care for emergency rescuers. In the recovery stage of the accidents, attention should be paid to long-term post-disaster monitoring of the population and emergency rescuers. Using the treatment time and development sequence as the framework, we can more comprehensively describe the characteristics of sudden chemical poisoning accidents, which is helpful in finding the key points of prevention and treatment of such accidents, and provide a basis for exploring the emergency managing methods of such accidents.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the newly diagnosed occupational disease spectrum of female workers in Guangdong Province from 2009 to 2018. METHODS: The data of occupational diseases of female workers reported to the National Occupational Diseases Network Direct Reporting System during 2009 to 2018 in Guangdong Province were collected, and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. RESULTS: A total of 1 191 female workers with new occupational diseases were reported in Guangdong Province from 2009 to 2018, involving 40 occupational diseases in 8 categories. The number of new occupational disease cases generally showed an increased trend in a zigzag pattern, with the lowest number in 2009(44 cases). The new case number increased from 2015 to 2018, and reached a peak in 2017(176 cases), which was four times higher than that in 2009. The top four classifications of occupational diseases were occupational chemical poisoning(59.7%), occupational ear-nose-throat-oral diseases(19.7%), occupational tumor(7.8%), and occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases(6.1%). The top four entities of occupational diseases were occupational chronic benzene poisoning(35.0%), occupational noise deafness(19.6%), occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning(14.5%) and occupational benzene induced leukemia(7.7%). The new occupational diseases mainly concentrated in Pearl River Delta Region, accounting for 96.6%. The new cases mainly distributed in manufacturing industry(95.1%), private economic enterprises(41.6%), and medium and small enterprises(68.3%). Totally 64.2% of the cases were seen in operating workers. CONCLUSION: The newly diagnosed occupational disease spectrum of female workers in Guangdong Province shows aggregation in both categories and varieties. It also shows aggregation in certain area, enterprise industry, enterprise economic type, enterprise scale and type of work.
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Background: Envenomation and poisonings can cause renal damage by number of mechanisms. Some of them may cause rhabdomyolysis or hemolysis, thereby leading pigment induced renal injury. Other contributory factors like shock, sepsis can also cause acute kidney injury (AKI). The study was done with the aim to evaluate the clinical profile and outcome of acute kidney injury in acute poisoning and envenomation and to find the relationship between early anti serum venom (ASV) administration and early presentation to tertiary care and outcome.Methods: This prospective observational study carried out on 50 patients with history of envenomation and poisoning after meeting the requirements of inclusion criteria. History, examination findings and investigations results were collected and analysed.Results: The incidence of AKI in envenomation and poisoning patients was 5.62%. Majority of the toxin induced AKI were due to the poisoning constitutes about 62%. Among them, paraquat (n=15) was the most common poison. snake bites were the commonest to cause AKI in the envenomation group (n=17). The average time between the event and arrival to hospital was 31 hours. Whereas in case of died patients, the average time between the event and arrival to hospital was about 59 hours. The mean time interval between poison consumption to ASV administration in recovered cases was 6.6 hours and in death cases it was 15 hours. Dialysis requirement was in about 43 (86%) patients. Of them 37 patients underwent hemodialysis (HD). 6 patients underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD). Total number of deaths in the study was 26 and the most common cause was respiratory failure (38.5%).Conclusion: The present study suggests the most common cause of AKI in case of envenomation was snake bite and in case of toxin it was paraquat poisoning. Hence it is necessary to take initiative by the government to increase the facilities in primary health care centers to save the lives of the affected people and to impose restrictions on the availability of poisonous substances in the market.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and predict epidemiological trends of occupational chemical poisoning,based on directly reported data during 2006-2015 in Guangdong Province. METHODS: The data of patients with occupational chemical poisoning reported from National Information Surveillance System for Occupational Disease and Occupational Health from 2006 to 2015 in Guangdong Province were collected. The epidemiological characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. The autoregressive integral moving average model( ARIMA model) was established and validated based on the number of the new onset cases and was used to predict the trends of occupational chemical poisoning from 2017 to 2020 in Guangdong Province. RESULTS: From 2006 to 2015,1 288 new cases of occupational chemical poisoning were reported in Guangdong Province,which accounted for 24. 4% of the total number of new cases of occupational diseases in the province( 5 283 cases). Among the new cases,the percentage of acute and chronic poisoning was 21. 7%( 279/1 288) and 78. 3%( 1 009/1 288). There was 74. 7%( 962/1 288) of organic solvent poisoning. Five kinds of new occupational chemical poisoning were found. Most of the new cases were male,accounting for 56. 7%( 729/1 288). They were mainly distributed and concentrated in Pearl River Delta Region,accounting for 95. 9%(1 235/1 288). Shenzhen,Dongguan and Guangzhou were the most three cities which had 425,325 and 209 cases respectively,all of them accounted for 74. 4%( 959/1 288). The new cases of poisoning mainly distributed in medium and small enterprises( 72. 0%),private economic enterprises( 50. 9%) and manufacturing industries(70. 5%). The number of occupational chemical poisoning diseases decreased first,and increased,and the proportion to the total number of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province showed a straight downward trend(P < 0. 01). The median age at diagnosis was 35 years old and the median work year at diagnosis was 2. 0 years,and both of them showed an increasing trend( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Occupational chemical poisoning in Guangdong Province has certain characteristic of crowd aggregation and epidemic trends.